The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) was established in 1992 to ensure that the observations and information needed to address climate-related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users.  

GCOS regularly assesses the status of global climate observations of the atmosphere, land and ocean and produces guidance for its improvement. 

GCOS expert panels maintain definitions of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) which are required to systematically observe Earth`s changing climate.  

The observations supported by GCOS contribute to solving challenges in climate research and underpin climate services and adaptation measures.