Total fertility rate (TFR) by country. The graph shows the national average (filled circle) and the difference (solid bar line) between the NUTS3 region with the lowest and the highest TFR in 2023 within the country. The EU countries are categorized into four broad geographical regions, Central and eastern, Norther, Southern and Western.
The visualisation illustrates how:
- in some countries the difference (range between min and max) in TFR between NUTS3 regions within the country is broader than the difference between countries,
- the grouping by geographical region shows a clustering of the countries by TFR, with majority of countries in the central and eastern region reporting higher than average TFR.
The two constant reference lines show the average TFR for the whole of EU in 2023 (TFR=1.38) and the rate of natural replacement (TFR=2.1), i.e. the TFR needed to maintain population size (if mortality and net migration rates are stable).
Mouse-over (pop-up as cursor moves over graph elements) shows the average, min and max TFR values for each country.
Data may not be available for all regions. Data source: Eurostat, demo_r_find3.
| Originally Published | Last Updated | 09 Oct 2025 | 13 Oct 2025 |
| Publisher | Metadata | Atlas of Demography Migration and Demography |