Forests, forestry, and the forest-based sector are the cornerstones of the European bioeconomy and a major contributor to climate change mitigation. The speed and scale of European forest bioeconomy development crucially depend on several questions, such as technological and market developments within and outside the forest-based sector, the dynamics of global biomass demand and supply, the European and international policy framework and the ability to use forests in a sustainable way. EFI's Bioeconomy Programme addresses the need for foresight, interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral research at the interface of markets, products, policies, and forest resources.