New generations entering the workforce and older generations working for longer are changing employment, career models and organisational structures. These shifts are influenced by the transformational forces of technology and globalisation. Automation and AI advancements are not only replacing routine tasks, but also increasingly affecting more complex, intellectual, and creative tasks. This evolution necessitates adaptability, making upskilling and reskilling essential to address new skill-needs and growing skills shortages. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend towards remote work, fostering flexibility and decentralization. The shift in occupational structures (e.g. gig economy, project work) is leading to a polarisation in employment, wage disparities and inequalities. While workers gain autonomy, job security and benefits become concerns. The types of jobs that are projected to grow in the EU by 2030 are those that require higher education, social and digital skills. The future of work emphasizes digital, green, and purposeful aspects, with employees demanding that employers meet specific (sustainability) values. The reliance on labor tax to fund social protection is coming into question, as the working population in the EU ages and rising automation raises questions on classic income models.