
The K4P User Manual tells you everything you need to know from a technical point of view, to create and publish content on K4P.
We support policymaking with evidence on human behaviour
The CCBI regularly publishes its work both as European Commission
reports and policy briefs aimed at policymakers
and in scientific outlets targeted at academia and the wider world.
Many of the publications we produce or contribute to are co-authored with colleagues across the European Commission, in the Joint Research Centre, and with (acadmic) experts in the respective fields. Below, they are presented by theme, covering behavioural insights in EU policymaking and our main focus for specific policy areas.
Where indicated, replication packages are available on the JRC Data Repository 📊 in our Behavioural Insights Data Collection.
The contents of the publications do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of those publications.
We aim to apply behavioural insights (BI) in EU policymaking and to build capacity for promoting the use of BI within the European Commission. For this purpose, we occasionally publish reports fundamentally focused on BI as a tool, on their prevalence and use within public authorities, as well as on the work and position of our team within the EU policy context and the field of behavioural science as such.
Highlighted publications on BI in EU policymaking and the CCBI
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newsletter | CCBI Team | biannual | Archive | |
| Labels as policy instruments | van Der Waarde, K., Hamarat, Y. and Bruns, H. | 2026 | Science for Policy Report | |
| Unlocking the full potential of behavioural insights for policy | Dupoux, M.; et al. | 2025 | Science for Policy Report | |
| Comparing transparent and covert nudges: A meta-analysis calling for more diversity in nudge transparency research | Bruns, H., Fillon, A., Maniadis, Z., Paunov Y. | 2025 | Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics | 📊 |
| The evolution of behaviourally informed policy-making in the EU | Baggio, M.; Ciriolo, E.; Marandola, G.; van Bavel, R. | 2021 | European Journal of Public Policy |
Behavioural insights can play a crucial role in shaping policies that promote fairness and equality in society. By informing the design of policies that better address the needs and challenges faced by citizens, BI help create policies that are both effective and equitable, ultimately leading to a fairer society where individuals have equal opportunities to thrive. The CCBI always had a strong focus on consumer protection, and also publishes on other topics relevant to a fair society such as employment, inclusion and equality, finance and tax issues, as well as migration.
Highlighted publications on BI for a fair society
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support for temporary protection of displaced populations in the EU: A conjoint experiment | Krawczyk, M.; Blasco, A.; Gajderowicz, T.; Giergiczny, M. | 2024 | European Journal of Political Economy | 📊 |
| Testing a policy intervention in the lab: differences between students and non-students in switching bank accounts | Proestakis, A.; Marandola, G.; Sousa Lourenço, J.; van Bavel, R. | 2024 | Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics | |
| Behavioural drivers and interventions of socially responsible investment | Bruns, H.; Marandola, G.; Pantazi, M.; van Bavel, R. | 2024 | Technical report | |
| Using QR codes to access food information: a behavioural study with European consumers | Gaudeul, A.; Krawczyk, M.W. | 2023 | Technical report | 📊 |
| Employees’ reaction to gender pay transparency: an online experiment | Baggio, M.; Marandola, G. | 2022 | Economic Policy | 📊 |
Improving societal resilience is key to managing important transitions and absorbing shocks, be they natural or man-made, and their impact on our socio-economic-environmental systems and on people. Understanding the behaviour of citizens and relevant actors - both in the 'cold' phase (i.e., before), and in the ‘hot’ phase (i.e., during such events) - ensures the development of efficient policies to enhance the capacity of European societies in dealing with them. The CCBI regularly conducts studies in relevant areas, including health, disaster preparedness, and risk perception.
Highlighted publications on BI for a resilient society
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A dynamic multilevel behavioural framework for emergency preparedness | Kroese, F., et al. | 2026 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction | |
| Fact-Checking at a Crossroads: Challenges, Alternatives, and Policy Interventions | Blasco, A.; Sobrio, F. | 2025 | Policy Brief | |
| Behavioural Insights for public health in the EU | De Vries, D.H.; et al. | 2024 | Technical report | |
| Investigating the role of source and source trust in prebunks and debunks of misinformation in online experiments across four EU countries | Bruns, H.; et al. | 2024 | Scientific Reports | 📊 |
| How the European Commission can use behavioural insights to combat misinformation | Bruns, H.; Dessart, F.J.; Krawczyk, M.W.; Smillie, L. | 2023 | Policy Brief |
The transition towards a competitive sustainable economy respecting planetary boundaries requires a broad set of adaptations, including behaviour changes, on various levels. Behavioural sciences can provide important insights on the underlying drivers of behaviours that impact our environment and suggest adequate ways to address them. The CCBI publishes frequently on issues in relevant areas of policy, including energy, environment, agriculture, and waste.
Highlighted publications on BI in the sustainability transitions
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A pathway to Europe's competitiveness: the clean transition | Marelli, L., et al. | 2026 | Science for Policy Report | |
| JRC technical proposal on EU harmonised waste sorting labels under the packaging and packaging waste regulation | Bruns, H.; Borsello, A.; Dupoux, M.; Hamarat, Y.; Milios, L.; Papa, F. | 2026 | Technical Report | |
| The behaviour-biodiversity nexus: A comprehensive literature Review | Mitev, K.; Dupoux, M. | 2025 | Technical Report | |
| Water resilience experiment | Arrigoni, O.; Hamarat, Y.; Dupoux, M. | 2025 | Science for Policy Report | |
| The more the better? Synergies of prosocial interventions and effects on behavioural spillovers | Alt, M.; Bruns, H.; Della Valle, N. | 2024 | Journal of Environmental Economics and Management | 📊 |
The digital transformation remains a key priority within the EU and advancements in technologies, such as AI, continue at tremendous speed. This speed comes with the need to critically assess the impact of new digital technologies on people's behaviour as well as its implications for society. This includes classic online behaviour, but also increasingly dynamic interactions between people and AI tools. The CCBI has previously published on online behaviour, and is expanding its work on human - AI interaction.
Highlighted publications on BI and technology
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Understanding the impact of human oversight on discriminatory outcomes in AI-supported decision-making | Gaudeul, A.; et al. | 2024 | Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications | 📊 |
| Nudging for bad? The case of cookie consent banners | Bruns, H.; Gaudeul, A. | 2021 | Policy brief | |
| Nudging online privacy behaviour with anthropomorphic cues | Rodríguez-Priego, N.; van Bavel, R.; Monteleone, S. | 2021 | Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy | |
| Framing effects on online security behavior | Rodríguez-Priego, N.; van Bavel, R.; Vila, J.; Briggs, P. | 2020 | Frontiers in Psychology | |
| Using protection motivation theory in the design of nudges to improve online security behavior | van Bavel, R.; Rodríguez-Priego, N.; Vila, J.; Briggs, P. | 2019 | International Journal of Human-Computer Studies |
| Title | Authors | Year | Publication |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Impact of Human-AI Interaction on Discrimination | Gaudeul, A.; Arrigoni, O.; Charisi, V.; Escobar Planas, M.; Hupont Torres, I. | 2025 | Science for policy report |
| The disconnection between privacy notices and information disclosure: An online experiment. | Rodríguez-Priego, N.; van Bavel, R.; Monteleone, S. | 2016 | Economia Politica |
| Testing the effect of the cookie banners on behaviour | van Bavel, R.; Rodríguez-Priego, N. | 2016 | Technical report |
| Nudging online security behaviour with warning messages: Results from an online experiment | van Bavel, R.; Rodríguez-Priego, N. | 2016 | Technical report |
| The effect of warning messages on secure behaviour online: Results from a lab experiment | Rodríguez-Priego, N.; van Bavel, R. | 2016 | Technical report |
| Nudges to privacy behaviour: exploring an alternative approach to privacy notices | Monteleone, S.; van Bavel, R.; Rodríguez-Priego, N.; Esposito, G. | 2015 | Technical report |
| Originally Published | Last Updated | 13 Jun 2024 | 23 Jul 2026 |
| Knowledge service | Metadata | Behavioural Insights |
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