Appropriate knowledge and levels of information are essential for efficient action to prevent and manage food insecurity and food crises. In particular, accurate and consensual assessments of the food insecurity and malnutrition situation are critical for informing the allocation of resources at both the regional and country levels. Understanding the drivers of food insecurity and food crises, as well as the mechanisms at stake locally, is key to efficient action.

• Global Food security

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (2024)

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World is an annual flagship report jointly prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the UN World Food Programme (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Its aim is to inform on progress towards ending hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It also provides thematic analyses on key challenges for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 2 “Zero Hunger”.

Regional overviews are also available for Africa, Near East & North Africa, Asia & the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean 2024, and Europe & Central Asia.

Reducing Inequalities for Food Security and Nutrition - HPLE report #18 (2023)

The report analyses inequalities in food systems, their drivers and impacts, and makes recommendations on entry points to address them.

Critical, emerging and enduring issues for food security and nutrition - HPLE (2022)

This HPLE paper identifies 7 critical, emerging and enduring issues for food security:

1. Building resilient and equitable supply chains for food security and nutrition
2. Strengthening urban and peri-urban food systems in the context of urbanization and rural transformation
3. Conflicts and the fragility of food systems
4. Revitalizing climate policies for food security and nutrition
5. Recognizing the role and rights of food system workers
6. Building a meaningful interface for diverse knowledge systems, technologies and practices for food security and nutrition
7. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other biological hazard events challenging food security and nutrition

Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators 2023 

The report emphasises that the world is off track from meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, regarding SDG2, the FAO estimates the global hunger figure for 2022 between 691 million and 783 million people, bringing the world back to hunger levels that prevailed in 2025. While the prevalence of severe food insecurity at the global level showed a marginal decline from 11.7 percent in 2021 to 11.3 percent in 2022, it remains far above pre-pandemic levels.

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022-2031

The Outlook projections suggest that, following a business-as-usual path, SDG 2 on Zero Hunger would not be achieved by 2030 and GHG emissions from agriculture would continue to increase.

Fiscal Implications of the Deteriorating Global Economic Environment for EMDEs (2022)

Russia’s war in Ukraine and aftershocks from the COVID-19 pandemic present Emerging Market and Developing Economies (EMDEs) with an extremely challenging external environment shaped by sharply higher food, fertilizer, and energy prices, rising interest rates and spreads, and stagflation risk in advanced economies. Small states and African economies are likely to experience extraordinarily strong fiscal pressures and needs for external assistance in the current environment.

• Food Crises

Humanitarian and development major global organizations fighting food crises have join efforts to improve decision making by developing information, data and analysis on the world food crises. Understanding food crises by generating consensus and evidence-based food insecurity, resilience, and risk analyses, including monitoring and evaluation is an important pillar of the Global Network against Food Crises. The Global Network produces reports aimed at informing the magnitude and severity of food crises and the financing flows to countries with food crises.

• Global Report on Food Crises

The Global Report on Food Crises is a bi-annual publication that reports on the magnitude, severity, locations and trends of food crises to inform cost-efficient and needs-based humanitarian and resilience building actions, and enable agencies to seek high-level political action and coordinate policies and actions for durable and innovative ways to tackle the root causes of food crises. The Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) is published annually since 2017 for informing the Global Network against Food Crisis, humanitarian organizations and other decision makers at global and regional level about the food crises during the prior year as well as any forecasts, offering a full compilation of the most reliable data and information. It is the result of a joint assessment of acute food insecurity situations around the world by 16 partners, under the umbrella of the Food Security Information Network (FSIN). The main annual report is released between April-May and a mid-year update is published by September.

Regional Reports are available for East Africa and for West Africa.

2024 Financing Flows and Food Crises report

The fourth edition of the Financing Flows and Food Crises report serves as a companion piece to the Global Report on Food Crises by providing an evidence-based snapshot of humanitarian and development financing trends in food crisis contexts in the sectors of food, agriculture and nutrition, together with acute food insecurity data.

Hunger Hotspots FAO–WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity: November 2024 to May 2025 outlook

The Hunger hotspot is a quarterly report jointly prepared by  FAO and WFP with an early- warning scope highlighting acute food insecurity hotspots and countries that are at risk of significant food security deterioration for the outlook period. The report includes data and information about the ongoing food crises and their drivers. Latest Hunger hotspot report:

The report found that acute food insecurity is projected to worsen across 16 hunger hotspots during the outlook period from November 2024 to May 2025, including a total of 14 countries and 2 regional clusters which comprise 8 countries. It highlights the worrying multiplier effect that simultaneous and overlapping shocks are having on acute food insecurity. Conflict, climate extremes and economic shocks continue to drive vulnerable households into food emergencies. Furthermore, the report warns that if anticipated reductions in funding for emergency agriculture, food, and livelihood assistance occur, they are expected to exacerbate conditions in several hunger hotspots.

Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2024

Funding to the humanitarian sector stalled in 2023, failing to keep pace with rising demand. While international humanitarian assistance remained historically high at over US$43 billion, interagency appeals faced a funding gap of US$32 billion, the largest on record. Ultimately, humanitarian funding and reform efforts fell short, and many millions of people targeted by international humanitarian responses did not receive the support they needed. International humanitarian assistance continued to focus on protracted crises, part of a significant shift over the last decade. Despite the longstanding Grand Bargain commitment to provide an aggregate of at least 25% of funding to local and national actors as directly as possible, Grand Bargain signatories only provided 4.4% of their total funding to local and national actors in 2023, and only provided 0.6% directly. The adoption of humanitarian cash and voucher assistance (CVA) has grown significantly over the last decade, but 2023 data suggests that this growth could be stalling. Funding for anticipatory action frameworks increased in 2023 but stood at less than 1% of total international humanitarian assistance, a fraction of what is needed.

• Frameworks for Actions

Preparedness and Resilience Working Group Lessons Learned (04/2020)

This paper is a synthesis of lessons learnt from the experience of NGO partners working on early warning early action (EWEA), preparedness, vulnerability reduction and resilience.

Multi-stakeholder Partnerships to Finance and Improve Food Security and Nutrition in the Framework of the 2030 Agenda (2018)

This HPLE report explores possible pathways to improve MSPs’ contribution to FSN in a sustainable way, with the view to progress towards the realization of the right to adequate food.

Framework for action for food security and nutrition in protracted crises (10/2015)

The Committee on World Food Security Framework for Action for Food Security and Nutrition in Protracted Crises (CFS-FFA) lists 11 principles for action for improving food security and nutrition in protracted crises.

• Food security Methods and Tools

Cadre Harmonisé Manual 2.0

The CH Manual provides technical guidance on the Cadre Harmonise methodology and processes for conducting food security and nutrition analyses for a given area or group of households.

IPC Technical Manual Version 3.1

The IPC Manual provides a comprehensive guide for new and experienced IPC practitioners, including an overview of the IPC as an approach for decision-makers’ use, supplemented by the technical sections of interest to the IPC analyst. Additional IPC guidance specific issues can be found here.

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