Home to one-quarter of humanity — one-fifth of whom are youth — South Asia has the world’s largest concentration of poverty and malnutrition. The Green Revolution positioned South Asia to produce one-quarter of the world’s consumed food, but the region’s agrifood systems today face formidable poverty reduction, climate change and environmental challenges. Significant hurdles remain to securing an adequate and affordable supply of diverse foods necessary for sustainable healthy diets. Social, economic and geographic inequalities create barriers from production to consumption, disproportionately affecting the poor. Unhealthy food consumption is rising, with many nutritious foods too costly for the poor.