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Knowledge4Policy
Knowledge for policy
European Life Cycle Assessment Platform

The EPLCA is the EU’s knowledge base that responds to business and policy needs towards sustainable production and consumption. It supports the methodological development of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the analysis of supply chains and end-of-life waste management.

  • Topic / Tool | Last updated: 05 May 2026
Zero Pollution

The Environmental Footprint plays a significant role in the ambitious Zero Pollution goal set by the European Commission. Discover more here.

Zero Pollution - a LCA perspective


In the context of the European Green Deal, the PEF/OEF plays a significant role in reaching the Zero Pollution ambition by evaluating potential impacts of chemicals on aquatic ecosystems’ and human beings’ health. In line with the Green Deal, Life Cycle Assessment aims to ‘protect biodiversity in our lakes, rivers and wetlands’ and to ‘protect citizens against dangerous chemicals with a new strategy for sustainability for a toxic-free environment’.

The Characterisation Factors (CFs) recommended to be used in the PEF/OEF1 context (level of recommendation III) have been updated in version 3.1. The new CFs were calculated with the USEtox® 2.1. model2, using the physicochemical and toxicity data available in REACH-IUCLID3, EFSA OpenFoodTox4 and PPDB5 databases, following the feedback collected during a PEF stakeholder workshop and following the UNEP-SETAC Pellston workshop6 outcomes.

The JRC Technical Report (Saouter et al, 2018) describes the methodology followed to generate the new set of CFs, while the JRC Technical Report (Andreasi Bassi et al, 2023) details the updates to version EF3.1. Both JRC Technical Reports and Supplementary Materials are freely available. The EF3.1 ECOTOX Explorer is an exploratory tool aiming to support EF3.1 users to understand how freshwater ecotoxicity CFs have been derived and which underlying data have been used.

Publications and dissemination

TitleYearAuthors
Comparing options for deriving chemical ecotoxicity hazard values for the EU Environmental Footprint (part II)2019Saouter EG, Wolff D, Biganzoli F, Versteeg D
Using REACH for the EU Environmental Footprint: building a usable ecotoxicity database (part I)2019Saouter EG, Biganzoli F, Pant R, Sala S, Versteeg D
Estimating chemical ecotoxicity in EU ecolabel and in EU product environmental footprint2018Saouter EG, De Schryver A, Pant R, Sala S
Improving substance information in USEtox®, part 2: Data for estimating fate and ecosystem exposure factors2017Saouter EG, Aschberger K, Fantke P, Hauschild MZ, Kienzler A, Paini A, Pant R, Radovnikovic A, Secchi M, Sala S.
Improving substance information in USEtox®, part 1: Discussion on data and approaches for estimating freshwater ecotoxicity effect factors2017
Saouter EG, Aschberger K, Fantke P, Hauschild MZ, Bopp SK, Kienzler A, Paini A, Pant R, Secchi M, Sala S