In relation to the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU), the report stresses that AFOLU mitigation options, when sustainably implemented, can deliver large-scale GHG emission reductions and enhanced removals, but cannot fully compensate for delayed action in other sectors.

The projected economic mitigation potential of AFOLU options between 2020 and 2050, at costs below USD100 tCO2-eq-1, is 8-14 GtCO2-eq yr-1 (high confidence). 30-50% of this potential is available at less than USD20/tCO2-eq and could be upscaled in the near term across most regions (high confidence). The largest share of this economic potential [4.2-7.4 GtCO 2-eq yr -1] comes from the conservation, improved management, and restoration of forests and other ecosystems (coastal wetlands, peatlands, savannas and grasslands), with reduced deforestation in tropical regions having the highest total mitigation. Improved and sustainable crop and livestock management, and carbon sequestration in agriculture, the latter includes soil carbon management in crop lands and grasslands, agroforestry and biochar, can contribute 1.8-4.1 GtCO2-eq yr-1 reduction.

Demand-side and material substitution measures, such as shifting to balanced, sustainable healthy diets, reducing food loss and waste, and using bio-materials, can contribute 2.1 [1.1-3.6]GtCO2-eq yr-1 reduction. In addition, demand-side measures together with the sustainable intensification of agriculture can reduce ecosystem conversion and CH4 and N2O emissions, and free-up land for reforestation and restoration, and the producing of renewable energy.

The improved and expanded use of wood products sourced from sustainably managed forests also has potential through the allocation of harvested wood to longer -lived products, increasing recycling or material substitution. AFOLU mitigation measures cannot compensate for delayed emission reductions in other sectors. Persistent and region- specific barriers continue to hamper the economic and political feasibility of deploying AFOLU mitigation options. Assisting countries to overcome barriers will help to achieve significant mitigation (medium confidence).