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Indonesia’s intensive use of its natural capital has fueled economic development and reduced poverty. Ocean resources, including coastal and marine ecosystems, contribute to over USD 280 billion annually, more than a quarter of the nation’s GDP (World Bank, 2021). These “blue sectors” include capture fisheries and aquaculture, coastal tourism, marine construction, and transportation. The Government of Indonesia, the private sector, and the public, recognize that the blue economy is vital for generating economic and social benefits and ensuring ocean’s long-term environmental sustainability. However, inadequate management and underinvestment are degrading ocean resources, particularly mangroves, and threatening prospects for future economic growth.

This report’s objective is to inform sustainable mangrove management policies in Indonesia, by quantifying the values and net benefits of mangrove conservation and restoration. It uses a nation-wide spatial cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to examine spatial variations in the costs and benefits of mangrove restoration and conservation.