This brief explores the complementary and interconnected roles that social protection and resilience can play within development and the humanitarian–development–peace nexus. With growing demand for integrated programming within WFP and externally, the brief focuses on clarifying the conceptual linkages between the two, and thereby demonstrate how WFP, given its extensive engagement with both social protection and resilience – building on learning from WFP’s own integrated resilience programming as well as from wider non-WFP experience – can position and contribute better in this space, where governments and agencies are looking for innovative ideas and partners. The brief poses four key questions: defining resilience, understanding how social protection builds resilience, exploring what social protection can learn from resilience, and maximizing convergence between social protection programming and resilience outcomes.