The term ‘food system transformation’ refers to how to change food systems. It is a complete rethink of the attributes of a food system, including its purpose, rules, and power structures. It is about reshaping the so-called ‘normal’. Food system transformation includes rethinking the key outcomes of food systems. Until about 20 years ago, the main expectation of food systems was that they produced enough food to feed the world. When increasing production did not solve global hunger and health problems, food systems were expected to provide food and nutrition security. Today, as the world becomes increasingly aware of the environmental and social costs of focusing solely on food security, much more is envisaged. Food system transformation is about raising the bar, anticipating that food systems must, in some way, generate healthy diets, living incomes for everyone involved in food value chains, and achieve this simultaneously and in an environmentally beneficial manner.