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Basic substances or mixtures of substances in an untreated state except for extraction and primary processing. In the broadest sense, these are: metal ores, non-metallic minerals, fossil fuels...

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all crops, yet its excess negatively affects public health, the environment, and the economy. At the same time, rock P is a critical...

This EEA briefing explores how circular economy can reduce and, in some cases, reverse the impacts of production and consumption on biodiversity.

This report proposes a systematic analysis of all EU publications on the circular economy available in the database of the Publications Office of the European Union until December 31, 2022. Main...

In order for the European Union to achieve the ambitious targets it has set for the energy and digital transitions and its defence and space agenda, it needs undisrupted access...

The growing demand for raw materials in the Hungarian economy projected up to 2050 is expected to exert significant additional pressure on the environment, putting the country at risk of missing important environmental...

The Commission proposes a comprehensive set of actions to ensure the EU's access to a secure, diversified, affordable and sustainable supply of critical raw materials. Critical raw materials are...

The RMIS is the Commission’s reference web-based knowledge platform on non-fuel, non-agricultural raw materials from primary and secondary sources. This section provides an overview of the European raw materials context...

A biobased economy promotes a sustainable way of running our economy which intelligently reconciles ecology and economy and is aligned with natural material cycles. Food, materials and energy...