Farmers who grow vegetatively propagated crops (VPC) face certain limitations in access to seed. Some of these constraints are related to policy, institutions and markets...
Clove began to be planted in Madagascar on the eastern coast since 1910 originally by French settlers, rapidly followed by local farmers, attracted by this culture as a valuable cash crop. The current plantations, entirely smallholding, date from 1920-1930 and 1950-1970 planting booms. Some local farmers do profit from the current remaining resource more on a logic of “extractivism” when other farmers have a real a logic of plantation and do replant in particular since 2010 with good prices of clove products (clove bud and oil). Typhoons, diseases and ageing lead to a decrease in clove plots tree planting density and a move to parks and complex agroforestry systems. Currently, clove contributes globally to 50 % of rice purchases to assure farmers' food security in Fénérive-Est area.
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