Effective agricultural extension and advisory services are a key component of efforts to achieve sustainable agricultural production, resilient livelihoods, and inclusive economic growth. These are all necessary elements for accelerating Rwanda’s agricultural transformation. Both extension and information and communication technologies (ICT) are important elements in Rwanda’s Strategic Plan for Agriculture Transformation. This paper examines the capacities of public and private agricultural extension agents in Rwanda and their readiness to use ICT in their work—that is, to be digitally equipped—and provides recommendations for enhancing agricultural extension capacities through expanding and effectively using ICT. To examine capacities and readiness, we use a representative survey of 500 public and private extension agents in Rwanda, augmented by qualitative data from a literature review and key informant interviews. To assess agents’ ‘digital readiness,’ we create two indices focused on their digital experiences and attitudes toward digital modernization. We find notable differences between public and private sector extension agents in terms of age, sex, educational background, workload, and digital assets. Most frontline extension staff, including farmer promoters and farmer field school facilitators, do not have access to digital assets and do not use any digital tools in their professional or personal lives. However, other public sector and private sector agricultural extension agents not working directly with farmers have much more digital experience. We find that many factors are associated with a readiness to employ digital tools in extension, including age, sex, sector, education, digital asset access, and number of trainings received. These findings suggest that increasing the availability of digital tools among extension agents and continuing to provide technical, functional, and digital toolcentered training will facilitate the integration of such tools into extension work. The results show that technical and functional trainings increase the likelihood of extension staff being ready to integrate digital tools in their work. Thus, keeping staff engaged and informed on the best agricultural extension practices, in general, can also promote digital readiness. Additional focus should be placed on providing community-level workers with the digital assets (e.g., smartphones), other tools, and knowledge to succeed in their work, given that they now do not have much access to these important technologies and information. Overall, we find that different digital tools are already being used by public and private sector extension agents in their work. This suggests that they could be open to new applications or types of tools being integrated into the extension services they provide farmers.