Socioeconomic factors, family environment and stressful life events 

• 'Risk factors for mental disorders include, but are not limited to, poverty, social exclusion, violence, peer rejection, isolation and lack of family support'.
• 'Children living in low socioeconomic status households and disadvantaged neighbourhoods suffer more anxiety, depression, […]'.
• Violence (including harsh parenting and bullying) and socioeconomic problems are recognised as risk to adolescent mental health.
• Child abuse during infancy and early childhood can lead to depression and anxiety later in life.
• Young people who are being bullied are at increased risk of mental health problems, especially depression

• 'Certain youth are at particular risk of mental health conditions. This includes youth who are homeless and street-involved, orphaned youth and those involved with the juvenile justice and mental-health system'.

• 'Children exposed to violence, whether they are the direct victims thereof or merely witnesses, are at risk of disorders affecting their nervous and immune systems, possibly causing cognitive disorders and leading to behaviour dangerous to their health with harmful effects in mental and physical terms'.

• Socioeconomic status has a strong impact on young people’s (12-24 years of age) risk of depression.
• 'Young people living in households in the lowest income quartile were more likely to be at risk of depression than those in the higher quartiles'.

• Students aged 12-18 years, that experience bullying are at an increased risk for depression.
• Minority population groups such as young LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex) experience higher rates of anxiety and depression.
• Conversely, students, regardless of sexual orientation, who reported a positive school climate and were not experiencing homophobic teasing, had the lowest levels of depression.

• 'Adolescents who bully or are bullied are more likely to have depressive and anxiety symptoms'.
• 'Research has highlighted significant relationships between cyberbullying and mental health issues such as anxiety and depression'.
• 'Compared to traditional bullying, those who have been cyberbullied report higher levels of anxiety, depression and social difficulties'.
• 'Just as with traditional forms of bullying, exposure to cyber-bullying – for instance the rapid creation and sharing of offensive messages or comments, spreading rumours, excluding victims from online groups and other forms of harassment – is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes, including depressive symptoms […]'.

Body image

• 'Body dissatisfaction and a pressure to be thin have been linked to depressive symptoms […]'. Feeling shame of not being able to have 'ideal' body shape and internalisation of this ideal make young people vulnerable to depressive disorders, disordered eating and body dissatisfaction.

Physical activity

• ‘Physical activity is a protective factor for depressive symptoms in all age groups’. ‘The health benefits of physical activity are well recognized. They include reduced risks for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and various types of cancer and positive effects on mental health, by reducing depression’

Education

• ‘Better education increases cognitive-emotional and intellectual competencies and job prospects, and reduces social inequity and the risk of mental disorders, including depression’