Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented pace, eroding the planet’s natural heritage and destabilizing the ecosystems that sustain societies and economies. Meeting global commitments - from the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to the European Green Deal - demands precise and consistent tracking of biodiversity change from genes to ecosystems. The current monitoring is fragmented, uneven and rarely integrated across borders.

This publication presents a Roadmap for a unified, transnational biodiversity observation system in Europe built around 84 Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). The Roadmap combines traditional field surveys, satellite and airborne remote sensing, DNA-based methods, citizen science and emerging in situ sensors within an optimized spatial design to close taxonomic and geographic gaps.

Standardized data sharing, coordinated governance and advanced modelling will fuse these streams into policy-ready insights.

A proposed European Biodiversity Observation Coordination Centre (EBOCC) would oversee the network, ensuring interoperability, scalability and alignment with policy needs.

By delivering a scalable architecture for biodiversity monitoring, this framework will enable rapid detection of ecological change, strengthen conservation actions and safeguard the natural systems that underpin human well-being - offering Europe a path to meet its biodiversity goals and a global template for coordinated, transnational, open and technology-enabled observation.