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  • Publication | 2025
Mapping FAO’s agrifood system interventions and outcomes for resilience programming: An analysis using large language models
Global Food and Nutrition Security

Since 2019, acute food insecurity has steadily increased due to climate shocks, economic disruptions, biological threats, and conflict, with fragile and crisis-affected settings most at risk. In this context, FAO has elevated resilience as a core strategic objective, promoting approaches that prevent, anticipate and adapt to risks in line with the humanitarian–development–peace nexus, though evidence on the effectiveness of agrifood interventions remains limited. This technical report addresses the gap by analysing FAO project documentation with large language models to classify interventions, outcomes and contexts.Interventions are mapped against disaster risk reduction frameworks and FAO’s strategic objectives, while outcomes are categorized into thematic domains. The analysis reveals that nearly 80 percent of interventions focus on risk reduction, while recovery is concentrated in food crisis settings. Interventions often target biological, climate, economic and conflict risks, with farming support, policy development and emergency response as common tools. Outcomes are more evenly distributed across domains, with risk-sensitive agriculture, market linkages, livelihood protection and biodiversity assets most frequent – livelihood protection dominating in fragile contexts and biodiversity elsewhere.Findings highlight the need to better integrate impact management with risk reduction and offer evidence-based insights to guide more coherent, multi-year resilience strategies.