Estimated percent (%) of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), listed by disease, attributable to diet-related risk factors in the EU in 2019
Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
Values in brackets denote the contribution of the disease indicated to total EU DALYs. For a definition of what is considered 'low in' or 'high in' please refer to Table 4.
Ischemic heart disease (8.8% of total DALYs in the EU in 2019) |
Dietary risks - 56.2% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 8.8 |
| Sugar sweetened beverages | 2.3 |
| Processed meat | 5.0 |
| Trans fatty acids | 6.4 |
| Red meat | 6.1 |
| Diet low in: | |
| Fruits | 3.9 |
| Fibre | 3.9 |
| Whole grains | 17.3 |
| Nuts and seeds | 6.0 |
| Vegetables | 3.2 |
| Legumes | 14.4 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | 2.9 |
| Seafood omega-3 fatty acids | 3.4 |
Stroke (5.2% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 26.6% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 8.2 |
| Red meat | 9.7 |
| Diet low in: | |
| Fruits | 4.6 |
| Whole grains | 3.1 |
| Vegetables | 1.6 |
| Fibre | 3.0 |
Diabetes mellitus (3.6% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 34.7% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sugar sweetened beverages | 4.5 |
| Processed meat | 12.8 |
| Red meat | 10.3 |
| Diet low in: | |
| Fruits | 3.9 |
| Whole grains | 5.4 |
| Nuts and seeds | 1.9 |
| Fibre | 2.7 |
Colon and rectum cancer (2.4% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 32.3% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Processed meat | 5.7 |
| Red meat | 6.8 |
| Diet low in: | |
| Calcium | 5.4 |
| Fibre | 1.8 |
| Milk | 10.8 |
| Whole grains | 17.0 |
Esophageal cancer (0.5% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 13.4% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet low in: | |
| Fruits | 8.7 |
| Vegetables | 5.2 |
Hypertensive heart disease (1.1% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 14.2% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 14.2 |
Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (4.3% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 3.6% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet low in: | |
| Fruits | 3.6 |
Chronic kidney disease (1.3% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 5.3% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 5.3 |
Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases (0.6% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 5.0% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 4.9 |
Stomach cancer (0.9% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 6.7% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 6.7 |
Aortic aneurysm (0.4% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 4.6% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 4.6 |
Atrial fibrillation and flutter (1.0% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 4.2% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 4.2 |
Endocarditis (0.1% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 3.5% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 3.5 |
Peripheral artery disease (0.2% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 3.1% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 3.1 |
Rheumatic heart disease (0.2% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 2.8% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 2.8 |
Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis (0.8% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 3.6% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 3.6 |
Non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (0.5% of total DALYs in the EU, 2019) |
Dietary Risks - 2.6% | Percent (%) of DALYs |
| Diet high in: | |
| Sodium | 2.6 |
The GBD made a major methodological update in 2023, based on new available evidence that led to the update of the statistical models used. The GBD estimates for year 2017, which had been cited widely, have also been updated retroactively. Please find here the GBD 2017 estimates before the update, and here the GBD 2017 estimates after the update. Please note only the latter are comparable to the GBD 2019 estimates.
