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  • Publication | 2025

Smart technologies in aquaculture: An integrated IoT, AI, and blockchain framework for sustainable growth

Global Food and Nutrition Security

Highlights:

  • Introduces a novel framework integrating IoT, AI, and Blockchain to enhance aquaculture sustainability.
  • Explores real-time monitoring using smart sensors for water quality, feeding automation, and stock management.
  • Analyzes AI-driven predictive models for disease detection, yield optimization, and risk mitigation.
  • Examines blockchain applications for secure data sharing, traceability, and supply chain transparency.
  • Identifies technological gaps and future research directions for scalable, data-driven aquaculture solutions.

Abstract:

Aquaculture is vital for global food security, yet traditional methods often struggle with inefficiencies, disease outbreaks, and environmental concerns. This review explores how an integrated framework of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technology can transform aquaculture into a more efficient, sustainable, and intelligent industry. IoT enhances real-time monitoring and precision feeding, AI optimizes disease detection and resource management, and blockchain ensures transparency and traceability across the supply chain. This novel approach not only mitigates existing challenges but also fosters predictive analytics, automation, and data-driven decision-making. Although high costs and technical constraints pose challenges, adopting emerging technologies like 5 G, edge computing, and decentralized ledgers can accelerate industry-wide adoption and enhance resilience and scalability. Future innovations in AI-driven aquaculture must focus on adaptive machine learning models and cross-disciplinary collaborations to ensure resilience and scalability in the face of global demands.