The JRC develops data-driven methods to improve the measurement and monitoring of packaging placed on the EU market, helping Member States build a more consistent evidence base for packaging policy and waste management.

A harmonised approach

In 2024, the JRC presented a methodology to estimate packaging associated with food and beverage consumption at national level. The approach combines annually updated market data with information on packaging type, size and material to estimate packaging quantities across 27 food and beverage categories. Covering 19 Member States across the period 2008–2022, the model provides a consistent basis for comparing and validating national estimates of packaging placed on the market.

The methodology was developed alongside the JRC’s work to harmonise estimates of food waste generation. Together, these modelling approaches provide more comprehensive evidence on material flows associated with food consumption and support Member States in meeting their reporting obligations.

Expanding the model

In 2026, the JRC expanded and refined the methodology, extending the analysis to packaging associated with home care, personal care and pet food, in addition to food and beverages. The updated model covers 19 Member States representing more than 97% of the EU population and provides estimates for 2011–2025, covering glass, plastic, metals, paper and cardboard, and composite packaging materials.

The resulting evidence shows the scale and evolution of packaging placed on the EU market, while revealing important differences between materials, product categories and Member States. The modelling framework provides technical support for national reporting and helps Member States verify their measurement and calculation methods under the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation.