The world continues to grapple with acute hunger, malnutrition, poverty, income inequality, and other crises. In 2023, approximately 864 million people experienced severe food insecurity (FAO et al. 2024). On the one hand, poor policy adoption disrupts market and supply chain vulnerabilities, exacerbates food insecurity, and causes economic instability and crises (Hélène and Cohen 2020). On the other hand, disasters and extreme weather conditions significantly damage available infrastructure, transportation networks, and storage facilities, disrupting the distribution of agricultural commodities and as well as regular food patterns (Hasegawa et al. 2021). The COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action recognizes that agriculture and food systems must urgently adapt and transform to meet the challenges of climate change. It commits to integrating agriculture and food systems into climate action while simultaneously mainstreaming climate action across policy agendas and actions related to agriculture and food systems (UNFCCC 2023). In developing countries such as Nepal, increasing soil erosion, landslides, flashfloods, and droughts are having a significant impact on agricultural output, food safety, and food security. Integrating agriculture policies with climate change commitments and strategies can offer sustainable solutions by mitigating risks while enhancing productivity, environmental sustainability, and rural incomes. This approach can streamline resource use, reduce redundancies, and foster long-term development.

This policy brief examines the integration of agriculture policies with climate change strategies in Nepal. The analysis recommends that policies place greater emphasis on green energy, flood and landslide mitigation, soil biotreatments, agroforestry, and sustainable practices to enhance agricultural resilience POLICY NOTE JULY 2025 2 and sustainability. Aligning these initiatives with investments in resilient infrastructure is crucial for future stability.