Impact assessment of interlinkages between the megatrends: Changing security paradigm, Climate change and environmental degradation, Aggravating resource scarcity, Increasing significance of migration and Growing consumerism.

Environmental security is increasingly dominating national and international agendas, shifting defense and geopolitical paradigms. Worldwide, the number of displacements associated with natural disasters is considerably higher than that of those...

Although trans-border wars are increasingly rare, global peacefulness deteriorated for eight of the last twelve years, with 2019 being the first improvement since 2014, according to the 2019...

Diversification of threats and actors is generating new challenges to the defence and security communities, as well as to society as a whole.

Cybersecurity has evolved into an unconventional warfare on a multidimensional, multilayered, and asymmetric battlespace. For instance, as cyber-weapons and unmanned sensors and vehicles are becoming key military elements, critical...

The combination of thought and feelings with the capability of new technologies and data availability became the most powerful weapon, available to almost anyone interested, increasing the potential of SIMAD (Single...

Better technological means and society's cooperation are needed to identify hybrid threats or terrorists before they act. However, the effectiveness of some measures depends on the values of society...

Treaties, conventions and defense policies should be adapted to take into account emerging technologies as future potential sources of threats. New industry standards, more resilient...

The countries forecasted to have the world's most powerful armies in 2030 are: India, France, Russia, USA, and China (Global Firepower ranking for 2020 military strength...

Global military expenditure increased 75% over the past 20 years, but stands at around $1.7 trillion annually since 2009. In 2018, it was $1.774 trillion...