Key Findings on agriculture and food and nutrition security:

* Climate change is expected to raise global mean temperatures, leading to more extreme heat and flooding, which can negatively impact agricultural productivity and food security in South Asia.

* High and rising exposure to heat and floods can lead to reduced agricultural yields, lower labor productivity, and increased mortality and morbidity.

* Poorer households are more exposed to extreme heat and flooding, which can exacerbate existing inequalities in food and nutrition security.

* Smaller firms in India are more exposed to floods and heat than larger firms, which can impact their ability to produce and distribute food.

Recommendations:

* Targeting policy support to poorer households and smaller firms can help reduce their exposure to climate-related shocks and improve their resilience.

* Improving the targeting of policy support requires more detailed heat and flood exposure projections from climate models, as well as better data on the location of the most climate-affected people.

* Factoring in the excess exposure of the poor to heat and floods can help inform the design of subsidized insurance programs for climate-related hazards.

* Encouraging firm growth and reducing barriers to out-migration among the poor can help improve food and nutrition security in the face of climate change.

Overall, the documents suggest that climate change poses significant risks to agriculture and food and nutrition security in South Asia, particularly for poorer households and smaller firms. Targeted policy support and improved data and analysis can help reduce these risks and improve resilience.