The first Agrobiodiversity Index Report assesses dimensions of agrobiodiversity in ten countries to measure food system sustainability and resilience. Countries receive an overall Agrobiodiversity Index score that indicates their progress in using and safeguarding agrobiodiversity to create sustainable food systems. They receive also individual scores for their progress for healthy diets, sustainable production and genetic resource conservation. The focus of this report is agrobiodiversity, risk and resilience. Eight thought pieces, authored by experts from around the world in diverse fields from nutrition and agricultural sustainability to seed systems and genetic resources, stimulate thinking on aspects of agrobiodiversity and risk and/or resilience.