References to Dietary Protein

AFSSA (2007) Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments, French Food Safety Agency, Protein Intake: dietary intake, quality requirements and recommendations. Executive overview of the AFSSA report (pdf)
ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Proteins (accessed 30/03/2026)
ANSES (2017) Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Étude individuelle nationale des consommations alimentaires 3 (INCA 3) (pdf)
ANSES (2019a) Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the updating of the PNNS dietary guidelines for children from birth to three years of age
ANSES (2019b) Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the updating of the PNNS dietary guidelines for children from four to 17 years of age
Coelho-Junior, H. J., Calvani, R., Azzolino, D., Picca, A., Tosato, M., Landi, F., ... & Marzetti, E. (2022). Protein intake and sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(14), 8718.
Danskernes kostvaner (2011-2013), Dietary habits in Denmark 2011-2013, Main results (pdf)
Der Österreichischer Ernährungsbericht (2017), Austrian Nutrition Report 2017 (pdf)
DGAC (2020) Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Advisory Report to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Service
DGE (2019). German Nutrition Society, Revised reference values for the intake of protein. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 74(3), 242-250
DGE (2023), Deutsche gesellschaft für ernährung, The German Nutrition Society voluntary quality standards for meals in specific locations with requirements for total protein for a menu plan (accessed 18/02/2026)
EC (2006) Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on nutrition and health claims made on foods; Official Journal of the European Union (pdf)
EC (2016) European Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/127 of 25 September 2015 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the specific compositional and information requirements for infant formula and follow-on formula and as regards requirements on information relating to infant and young child feeding
EC (2017) European Commission Notice of 13.7.2017 relating to the provision of information on substances or products causing allergies or intolerances as listed in Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers
EC webpage, European Commission, Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe (accessed 31/03/2026)
EC webpage, European Commission, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Knowledge Gateway - Legumes and Pulses (accessed 31/03/2026)
EC website, EU Registry on nutrition and health claims (accessed 30/03/2026)
EFSA (2012) European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein. EFSA Journal 2012; 10(2):2557 (pdf)
EFSA (2014) Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA Journal 2014; 12(11):3894
Enquête de consommation Alimentaire 2014-2015, Belgium
EsKiMo (2007), Ernährungsstudie als KiGGS-Modul, Nutrition module in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (pdf)
EU (2011) Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European parliament and of the Council on the provision of food information to consumers. Official Journal of the European Union (2011) FAO (2023) Nutrition and the environment − Nurturing people, protecting the planet
FEN (2016) Spanish Nutrition Foundation, Macronutrient Distribution and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study (pdf)
Fineli; Finnish National Food Composition Database (webpage) (accessed 30/03/2026)
FINDIET (2013) The National FINDIET 2012 Survey (pdf)
Gregorič, M., Hristov, H., Blaznik, U., Koroušić Seljak, B., Delfar, N., & Pravst, I. (2022). Dietary intakes of Slovenian adults and elderly: design and results of the National Dietary Study SI. Menu 2017/18. Nutrients, 14(17), 3618.
Health Council of the Netherlands, 2021, Systematic review of health effects of dietary protein in older adults. Background document to: Dietary reference values for protein 2021/10, The Hague, 2 March 2021 (pdf)
IAN-AF (2017) Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física, National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity survey (pdf)
IUNA (2019) Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, Main Report: National Children's Nutrition Survey (NCNS) II 2017-2018 (pdf)
IUNA (2021) Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, Main Report: National Teens' Nutrition Survey (NTNS) II 2019-2020 (pdf)
IUNA (2024) Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, Summary Report: National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) II 2021-2022 (pdf)
INRAN-SCAI (2010), The third Italian National Food Consumption Survey, INRAN-SCAI 2005–06 – Part 1: Nutrient intakes in Italy
JRC (2014) Joint Research Centre Science and policy report Mapping of National School Food Policies across the EU 28 plus Norway and Switzerland (pdf)
JRC (2024) Joint Research Centre, Overview and analysis of sustainable product procurement criteria in the EU food sector
JRC (2025) Joint Research Centre, Criteria for Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) for Food, Food services, and Vending machines
Leg4Life webpage, Project Info (accessed 30/03/2026)
Martimianaki, G., Peppa, E., Valanou, E., Papatesta, E. M., Klinaki, E., & Trichopoulou, A. (2022). Today’s Mediterranean diet in Greece: findings from the National Health and nutrition survey—HYDRIA (2013–2014). Nutrients, 14(6), 1193.
NNR (2023) Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (pdf)
Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2007) Public health: ethical issues (pdf)
NVS II (2008), Nationale Verzehrsstudie, German National Food Consumption Survey (pdf)(accessed 30/03/2026)
Present Knowledge in Nutrition (2020) – 11th edition. Elsevier Inc
Riksmaten (2012) Swedish Food Survey 2010-2011 (pdf)
RIVM (2024) DNFCS 2019-2021:Habitual intake of nutrients from foods only (accessed 30/03/2026)
SACN (2018), Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, Feeding in the First Year of Life (pdf)
SACN (2024), Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, Feeding young children aged 1 to 5 years
SACN (2026), Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, Nutrition and maternal weight outcomes (pdf)
TAI (2019) National Institute for Health Development, Estonian National Dietary Survey 2013-2014 (accessed 10/03/2026)
WCRF (2025) World Cancer Research Fund International, Dietary and lifestyle patterns for cancer prevention: evidence and recommendations from CUP Global (pdf)
WHO/ FAO/ UNU (2007) World Health Organization/ Food and Agriculture Organization/ United Nations University, Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition; Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Technical Report Series No 935. WHO, Geneva (2007)

Dairy products

Dairy products include milk and most milk-derived products, such as yoghurt and cheese. These contain protein, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), and iodine...

VISUALISATION | 18 May 2026

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/100 000 attributable to diet low in milk

VISUALISATION | 18 May 2026

Originally Published \| Last Updated	13 Nov 2020 \| 02 Apr 2026
Knowledge service \| Metadata	Health Promotion and Disease Prevention \| Risk factors of non-communicable diseases \| Protein
Digital Europa Thesaurus (DET)	health policy

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Knowledge Gateway

Dairy products

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)/100 000 attributable to diet low in milk

Deaths/100 000 attributable to diet low in milk